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The Adam and Eve Method of Genetic Engineering,
We were Created, by Robert Kress
The Adam and Eve method of Genetic Engineering is a way to add new genes
and get them on the same location on the four # 7 chromosomes in the first
male and female. If only this was done the new species could make babies with
the donor species and the newly added genes would get into the donor species.
But the Human Genome Project compared our DNA to Chimpanzee DNA and
found that a large section of Chromosome # 5 has been flipped in mankind
making reproduction between us and Chimpanzees impossible thereby preventing
the new genes in us from getting into Chimpanzees.
You have to get the new genes on the same locations on the 2, for
example chromosome # 7's, in the first male and the 2 chromosome # 7's in the
first female because of crossover. This insures that one copy of each new
gene will be on every # 7 chromosome in future generations.
BBC news article of a Humane Genome Project Discovery,
above link:
Quote of BBC News: Paragraphs 20 - 23
"Another feature of chromosome five will pique the interest of scientists
studying the difference between humans and chimpanzees.
Despite great similarities between the genomes of the two species, there are
some key structural variations.
In particular, one large section of chromosome five is flipped backwards
in humans compared with chimps.
Such an inversion makes it impossible for the two chromosomes to pair up
during reproduction, which could have driven a wedge between the evolving
ancestral populations."
Read Dragrams in order Step 1, Step 2, Step 3, ect. so you understand it.
By flipping a large segment of chromosome 5, at Fig. 5 (5b), after the
new genes were added, when there is only one set of man's redundant
chromosomes, every chromosome # 5 of man's will be flipped the same way.
Now the new genes added to man cannot get into the previous species by
reproduction, because of cross-over. And at (5c) in Diagram Fig. 5 you would
cause this intermediate cell to divide and you would interrupt cross-over
from happening while the intermediate cell was dividing. The purpose of this
intermediate cell is to make the first male's 2nd set of chromosomes 1
through 22.
I do not think that there is a natural way through evolution that the
flipping of a large section of chromosome 5 in man compared to chimpanzees
could happen naturally.
And I think I remember a science article saying there are critical heart
genes on chromosome 5, needed for the baby to develop and survive.
If one # 5 Chromosome in, for example a male, flipped naturally
that individual, according to the BBC News article, would be steral.
A flip like this would stop in it's tracks, and would not be passed on
genetically.
If both # 5 Chromosomes in, for example a male, flipped naturally.
And the flip location were on the same place in both # 5 Chromosomes,
he would be steral, according to the BBC News article. His flipped
# 5 Chromosomes would not work right with the normal # 5 Chromosomes
in the rest of the female population. This flip would not be passed on
genetically.
Evolution can happen to simple species that have only one copy of each
gene and in higher species like man to genes we only have one copy per
individual.
(Middle of PAGE 7)
Next is a description of how God created man.
GEN 2:07
And The LORD formed man of the dust of the ground,
and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life;
and man became a living soul./ (the first human soul)
GEN 2:21
And the LORD God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam,
and he slept:
and he took one of his ribs, (Approximate weight 10 oz.)
and closed up the flesh instead thereof;
GEN 2:22
And the rib, which the LORD God had taken from man,
made he a woman, (Approximate weight 7 lbs.; # GEN 4:1 man = baby)
and brought her unto the man./
As you are about to find out all, I repeat, all animal and plant
species that are male and female, extinct or alive now, this planet and all
other planets were created by the Adam and Eve method of genetic
engineering. Provided that the DNA of the species has the same redundancy
as man's number 1 through 22 chromosomes, because of cross-over. (Fig. 1c)
Essentially the above method describes the male, the gender with all of
the chromosome types, being created first from something that is as small as
dust, or in fact is dust of the ground, and the verse does not say dirt.
What I think this dust is, is pollen. Pollen could be the source of the
nucleotides used to make new genes. (A,T,C,G) Mankind has already invented a
machine with reservoirs for each of the 4 nucleotides used to make genes.
Simple type in the genes sequence and 24 hours later the new gene is made.
And Dr. Dolittle has proven that there is a progression of species
development, through amino acid sequencing. (pg. 8, paragraph 5 through 8)
PAGE 8
PART 1: Day 1 through day 6
The new genes were added to the DNA of an already existing species,
possibly chimpanzee. By adding new genes to 1 chromosome of 1 gender, then
taking some DNA of the first gender to make the second gender, this will
cause the new genes to be located at the same location and be on the same
chromosome number. (Diagram pg. 13a, fig. 3a, 3b, 3c)
Also this method of genetic engineering is the only way to remove and
replace hereditary disease causing genes from the donor DNA. (pg. 11 Step 2)
The above bible creation description implies that the skin of Adam was
cut open, as in operations, before his rib was removed. The above
description also implies that Adam was awakened from the deep sleep after
the rib was removed.
Part 2 is a detailed explanation of the Adam and Eve method of genetic
engineering with diagrams. Dr. Dolittle, University of California/San Diego,
at the molecular genetics department, sequenced proteins that both
chimpanzees and humans have. Genes make proteins through RNA and it is easier
to sequence the amino acids linked together in proteins than to sequence the
nucleotide rungs, in the gene.
Chimpanzees as well as humans have 46 chromosomes with the male having
X,Y and the females having X,X. Plus 1 circular chromosome, Mitacondria DNA.
Randomly the first 4 proteins he looked at had the same amino acid
sequence for the human protein and the chimpanzee. The fifth protein had one
amino acid different in the human version. In total, as stated on NOVA/PBS,
he studied 100 human chimpanzee proteins. Should the humans versions be on
the same chromosome number and at the same general location on the
chromosomes as the chimpanzee versions, then we have found the missing link,
and it is God the Father, JEHOVAH. These proteins were 104 to 249 amino acids
in length.
Since the codon triplets (pg. 16) of a gene, code for and determine a
protein's amino acid sequence, he reasoned that 1 nucleotide base-pair
belonging to 1 codon triplet had changed. Now this particular codon triplet
will "code for" a different amino acid in all humans. This mutation was
most probably caused by a stray charged sub-atomic particle passing close by
or even colliding with either nucleotide of the affected basepair. The human
version of this gene can be traced back to the chimpanzee gene because they
are so alike. Hereditary disease causing genes of all anamals and plants
come about by this method.
This is not the kind of genetic difference that is described in PART 2.
That section is about whole completely new genes in man, not traceable to
any other species particularly chimpanzees.
Bacteria have very few genes, E-coli an intestinal resident that helps
us digest our food and is in yogurt has 4 to 5 thousand genes. Man has on the
order of 20,500 genes. There is an obvious progression all the way to man
because the genes with a simular purpose are related from species to species,
as far as we can see now.
How did new and unrelated genes get into man's DNA? How did they get at
the same location on all number 7 chromosomes in the entire human population.
This is my point of interest, adventure on.
There are 18 ways that men could have described the creation of man
from the information located in the Adam and Eve creation description in
Genesis chapter 2. (pg. 16) When Moses wrote Genesis, when God dictated it to
him when Moses was 40 days and 40 nights in the mount, Moses knew zero about
DNA. (# EXO 24:9-18 34:27-28 # DEU 4:13 5:22) But God had to know a lot about
DNA to make man, and the Adam and Eve creation description given by God to
Moses is talking about DNA and it is absolutely correct. (# ISA 45:19) Now
man knows enough about genetics to understand it.
(# DAN 12:4 # REV 10:7 # DEU 4:29-30 # HAB 2:2-3)
PAGE 9
PART 1: Day 1 through day 6
DEU 4:28
And there ye shall serve gods, (# EZE 20:24,18,38, idols)
the work of men's hands, wood and stone,
which neither see, nor hear, nor eat, nor smell.
(# DEU 27:15 # REV 21:27 # MAT 13:30 tares)
DEU 4:29
But if from thence thou shalt seek the LORD thy God,
thou shalt find him, if thou seek him with all thy heart
and with all thy soul. (# GEN 2:7 # LEV 20:6)
DEU 4:30
When thou art in tribulation, (# MAT 24:21 # DAN 12:1 # EZE 5:9)
and all these things are come upon thee,
(# JER 30:6-7 18:17,8,11, # DEU 28:49 32:35 # EZE 35:5)
even in the latter days, (# EZE 38:16)
if thou turn (# ZEC 1:3 # JER 15:19 23:28 # JOH 3:5) to the LORD thy God,
and shalt be obedient unto his voice;/
(# ISA 58:13 65:2 55:9 # JER 23:36-37)
DEU 4:32
For ask now of the days that are past, which were before thee,
since the day God created man upon the earth, (# DAN 12:4 DNA)
and ask from one side of heaven unto the other,
whether there hath been any such thing as this great thing is,
or hath been heard like it? (Present genetic engineering is like it.)
What are the present methods of genetic engineering?
Method 1: Genetic engineering on species that have only one copy
of each gene. (bacteria and viruses)
This is the simplest way to do recombinant DNA or genetic engineering.
In 1976 scientists at a subsidiary of BAYER asbirin added the human gene
that produces human insulin to a bacteria called E-coli. (pg. a/1.) Companies
take sheep and cow pancreas and extract the insulin from them, as an
alternative. Notice that this is but one protein, that very different
species have in common with human proteins.
This bacteria has only one circular chromosome, and therefore only 1
copy of all of its genes. In total E-coli has 4 to 5 thousand genes. Imagine
a necklace with 4 to 5 thousand beads. They added the new gene in-between 2
already existing genes. This took 1,000 tries to make it work correctly so as
the new gene is fully functional and produces its' protein. And all of the
original genes need to still work right or else the bacteria dies. The
"new bacteria" had 1 extra gene in 1 chromosome. When the "new bacteria"
reproduces, the 2 daughter also will have the extra gene.
Although the new genes product, human insulin protein, does not do
anything for the new bacteria, the cell will produce many individual insulin
molecules within its membrane. This new bacteria is like a little insulin
manufacturing plant. The new gene will be in all the cells, generation
after generation. By this method one gene or many genes can be added.
A company wanted to make a aids-free blood substitute. They wanted to
produce the red portion of our blood, red blood cells. Red cells do not have
a membrane or DNA. Red cells consist of 4 proteins connected together with a
single iron atom in each protein. They are the only human cells without DNA.
So essentially they wanted to add a hemoglobin gene to the DNA of pigs.
They would add the gene when there was only one cell, and one set of DNA. As
when an egg is just fertilized, and the cell has one set of DNA. (pg. a/2.)
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PART 2: The Adam and Eve method of genetic engineering
This is the problem. The goal is to get the new gene on the same
location on four #7 chromosomes, 2 in the male and 2 in the female. The
genes must be at the same location because of crossover. (pg. 11 fig. 1e, 1c)
We cannot now, do this, but molecules could be made that would target and
carry the new gene to a specific location on a chromosome, with
repeatability. I'm not going into depth on this because the Adam and Eve
method of genetic engineering is a short-cut way to accomplish getting the
new gene on the same location on the first male and females four #7
chromosomes. But a clue, hormones are proteins that can locate and bind to a
specific gene, one out of 20,500 genes. Consider how our DNA is
organized. Mankind is a second generation design. We have a redundancy, or
duplicate genes, that make it possibly for a species with a huge number of
genes to exist. Mutations do happen, more later. Also this redundancy of
genes, one #1 chromosome comes from the mother and the other #1 chromosome
comes from the father, locks us into being human. Ninety seven percent,
chromosome 1 through chromosome 22, of our DNA simply cannot evolve, the
genes are locked into place or locked into being like they were made. Three
percent of our genes can evolve. The mitacondria and Y chromosome genes are
not redundant, since there is only 1 copy of each gene per individual at
fertilisation, like viruses and bacteria. All the races came from Adam and
Eve. There are approximately 20,500 genes located on 23 chromosome pairs,
with an average of 900 genes per chromosome. All # 1 chromosomes in the
entire human population have genes that are specific to that chromosome,
they are chromosome # 1 genes. Every viable #1 chromosome will have 1 copy
of all the #1 chromosome genes. All 20,500 human genes are at the same
location throughout the entire human population, this has to be because of
cross-over. Mutations are variations of the same gene. This is how our DNA
is organized.
Now a description of cross-over. This happens during meiosis, where
cells make sperm cells and egg cells. The cells change from 46 chromosomes
to 23 chromosomes and have only 1 copy of every gene. The #7 chromosomes
exchange large lengths of DNA with many genes, this is likened to shuffling
cards. Each #7 chromosome will contain 1 copy of every gene for that
chromosome when cross over is completed. During meiosis cross-over happens
to Chromosomes one through twenty two. Cross-over does not happen during
mitosis where 46 chromosome cells multiply into other 46 chromosome cells,
like skin cells. (pg. a/3.)
Man's present method of doing genetic engineering on species that are
male and female does not get the new genes at the same location. (fg. 1c, 1b)
They take 46 chromosome cells from a male and a female of the chosen species
and separately add the new gene to 1 cell of each gender. They can get the
new gene on the same chromosome number, but not at the same location on the
chromosome. Therefore some of the eggs and sperms will have no copies of the
new gene, and some will have 2 copies on 1 chromosome. Man's present method
is not perfect but most of each generation will have at least 1 copy of the
new gene. Babies will have from 0 copies to 4 copies of the new gene. This
method works best when adding 1 gene. A few genes could be added, in 1
segment of DNA, but successive generations would most probably not have all
of the newly added genes.
Since they are using the pigs to manufacture red blood cells, the more
genes per pig, the more red blood cells they will make. Just like hereditary
disease causing genes, if a plant or animal has at least 1 good copy of a
gene, that individual will make the correct protein and will not have that
hereditary disease. The good gene and the bad gene both will make their
proteins, but only the correct protein will fit and function properly.
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PART 2: The Adam and Eve method of genetic engineering
| (2c) is Wrong, it should say:
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If they wanted to create a new species they would want 2 copies of each
new gene per individual, 1 per chromosome, for all the individuals of all the
generations. Figure 2, page 12 is simular to figure 1 except the new gene is
only added to 1 chromosome of a male or a female, but not both. This method
could be done only on a limited number of species because with this method
the hereditary disease causing genes cannot be removed. Therefore only
species that are free of bad genes like the cheetah can be genetically
altered by this method. By the second generation there would be males and
females with 2 copies of the new gene, 1 per chromosome. And they would be at
exactly the same location. So essentially you can get new genes at the same
location by present methods in a very limited way. This method works best if
1 gene is added.
The Adam and Eve method of genetic engineering is a 3 step improvement
over man's present way of doing genetic engineering on species that have
males and females.
Step 1: The goal is to get the new gene in the same exact location on
4 separate #7 chromosomes, 2 in the first male and 2 in the first
female. This is accomplished by adding the new gene to 1 chromosome
in a DNA sample of a male of the chosen species, because males have
all the chromosome types. Then after the first male is grown, a
sample (rib) of his DNA is rearranged through meiosis hormones, into
the configuration of a females.
Step 2: This improvement is the removal of the Hereditary disease causing
genes. This is important so as the siblings of the first generation
can reproduce. This is done by removing the bad and the good gene,
then replacing it by step 1.
Step 3: Whereas in step 1 only one segment of DNA, one gene or a few genes,
is added to 1 chromosome, X and Y excluded, in the creation of man
all the genetic changes were done at the same time. If there were
300-600 gene changes between chimpanzee and man, that would mean
12-25 per chromosome. Step 3 is adding new genes to multiple
chromosomes and multiple locations on the chromosome.
Adam and Eve were made by the Step 3 method, the first male
had 2 copies of the genes added to chromosomes 1 through 22 from
his start. (# GEN 2:7 1:26-27; Man = baby at # GEN 2:7 and # GEN 4:1)
(Step 1 and 2 worked out by: 2/1994; Step 3 worked out by: 11/1997)
The diagram for Step 1 is Figure 3 on page 13. I think this is the
next improvement in the recombinant DNA field. This will be possible when
all the meiosis controlling hormones are known. Like the previous method 2B,
by adding the new gene only to 1 chromosome then using some form of DNA
manipulation, whether through hormones or breeding, the new gene gets on the
four #7 chromosomes in the first male and female at exactly the same
location. DNA from the rib, 46 chromosome cells, are turned into 23
chromosome cells by initiating the meiosis genes. (pg. a/4) This might be
quite involved with the need to make both sperm cells and egg cells out of
cells that have an X and a Y chromosome. Then 2 cells are chosen that have
an X chromosome and the new gene.
The beauty of the Adam and Eve method of genetic engineering is that it
is an extremely efficient way to add many genes at once. And secondly it is
the best way to remove and replace hereditary disease causing genes.
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PART 2: The Adam and Eve method of genetic engineering
Where would you grow the first male and the first female into a baby?
That was discovered at a zoo in Kentucky. Race horses and Zebras cannot mate
because they are different species and their DNA don't match. Also humans
and chimpanzees can't reproduce for the same reason.
The DNA of Zebras and race horses is so different that they cannot
produce a baby. But since they are genetically close, they can carry a baby
of the other species to full term.
How did the Zoo in Kentucky get a baby zebra to grow to full term in
another species? First they got the mothers of the two species monthly cycle
to match. Using artificial insemination they got the zebra mother pregnant
with a 100% zebra baby. After a few days they flushed the embryo (zygote) out
of the zebra mother and implanted it into the race horse mother. It worked
and the race horse delivered a perfect zebra baby. (pg. a/5)
Why is the Adam and Eve method of genetic engineering the best and only
practical method to remove and replace hereditary disease causing genes? And
how does it work?
Suppose it is impractical or impossible to find an individual from the
donor species with zero hereditary disease causing genes. Man has on average
50 bad genes per individual person, with the total human bad gene pool being
5,000 genes to date. I think most species will have bad genes that must be
removed to successfully create a new species.
What are the ways to remove and replace bad genes? The first, is remove
the bad and good genes via. Step 2, (pg. 11) and replace them by Step 1. The
second, is remove the bad and the good genes via Step 2, and replace them by
Step 3. The third, and very labor and time intensive method would involve
designing a multi-molecule system of locating a specific DNA sequence,
removing the bad copy, and replacing it with a good copy in exactly the
same location. This would involve a different group of molecules for each
and every bad gene.
By removing the bad genes and replacing them by Step 1 or Step 3, it
is possible to replace them and the genes will be crossover compliant.
(Fig. 1e) If the genes are removed and replaced by Figure 1 or Figure 2,
it is difficult to nearly impossible to add new genes or the replacement
genes to the same location on the chromosome. (Fig. 1c)
Why must the bad genes be removed? In Figure 4, the donor has
only 4 chromosomes that have bad genes. (Chromosome 1, 2, 4, 5) One
chromosome has 2 genes that are bad, 1 that came from the father on
chromosome 2A and the other that came from the mother on chromosome 2B. If
these bad genes were left in there would be severe problems when making the
first female. It appears possible to leave the bad genes in by finding a
sperm and egg that randomly have only the good version of the 5 genes in
question. There would be a 1 out of 32 chance that any one sperm or egg
would have 100% good genes in this example, so it appears easy to test for a
good sperm and egg. But I have intentionally chosen the number of bad genes
at 5 to simplify the Figure 4 diagram. With the average number of bad genes
per donor at 50, the chances of finding one good sperm or egg is 1 out of
1,100,000,000,000,000. And this is without using Step 3 techniques.
(2 to the 5th power vs. 2 to the 50th power.)
If the donor has only 1 bad gene, 50% of the egg and sperm cells will
have 100% good genes. If the donor has 2 bad genes, on two different
chromosomes, then 25% will have 100% good genes.
(4 = 6.25%, 5 = 3.125% or 1/32)
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PART 2: The Adam and Eve method of genetic engineering
In Figure 4 and Step 2, the bad genes would be identified by
doing a genome project on the donor species to know all of that species
genes. When this genome project is completed both the correct copies of a
gene and the hereditary disease causing mutated copies would all be known in
detail. When a donor is selected, his (X,Y) good and bad copies are
identified, then the bad and good copies of each of the problem genes are
removed. (Fig. 4a and 4b) Should this cell be grown, the mother might very
well miss-carry the baby when it becomes time for the absent genes to do
their function. Therefore these genes are reestablished at Figure 4c in the
first cell of the first male. At the same time one or a few new genes along
with all the replacement genes are added in only one segment of DNA to one
location on one chromosome. (Step 2) Now a few genes that both the new and
the original species have, are in different locations. Since the first male
will have at least 1 good copy of all the original genes and 1 good copy of
all the new genes, he would not have any hereditary diseases nor would he be
a carrier for any bad genes. All of his genes on the redundant chromosomes
would function correctly. Since this would be a major project creating a new
species you would want to remove and replace the bad genes on the non-
redundant chromosomes X, Y, and the Mitacondria DNA.
If there are hereditary disease causing genes in the first male, when
the 46 chromosome X,Y rib cells of the male are converted into 23 chromosome
cells then into a 46 chromosome X,X cell to grow the first female, she would
have two bad copies only of some of those genes. Then should they be allowed
to reproduce, 50% of their children would be carriers and 50% would have
multiple hereditary diseases. Removing and replacing the bad genes is a
must for both man and God when making a new species.
When genetically engineering a new species the very first step is to do
a genome of the donor species. So that eventually you would replace the
hereditary disease causing genes of the donor cell.
Step 3 involves adding, for example, 200 genes at one time to the
chromosomes of the first male. From his start as an embryo he would have
each new gene on both redundant chromosomes, at the very same location on
the chromosome.
The trick is how to get the new genes on the same location on the
chromosomes. This is done by obtaining the donor DNA and first artificially
triggering Meiosis to make 23 chromosome egg like cells. (Fig. 5a) You would
use one that has an X chromosome. Next you would remove the hereditary
disease causing genes to the redundant chromosomes, Chr. 1 through 22
equivalant, the X chromosome and Mitacondria DNA and individually replace
them. Then you would add the new genes to the redundant chromosomes, the X
chromosome and Mitacondria DNA if need be. (Fig. 5b)
Next take the 23 chromosome cell that has the Y chromosome. Remove and
replace bad genes on the Y chromosome, add new genes to Y chromosome if need
be. (Fig. 5c)
Recombine the two halves. (Fig. 5d)
Take the 46 Chromosome cell, trigger Meiosis to occur, yet at the same
time prevent crossover from happening. The goal is to keep the genetically
engineered redundant chromosomes whole and together. (Fig. 5e)
The way I see it, there might be three or four steps involved in
Meiosis, the making of 23 chromosome cells from 46 chromosomes. They would
be cascaded. That is, the Meiosis hormone triggers the first step of
Meiosis. When the first step is completed, a second hormone is generated
that triggers the second step, and so forth. If crossover is the first step
of Meiosis, by applying that second hormone instead of the Meiosis hormone,
this will bypass crossover and cause the 46 chromosome cell to do the
remaining steps of Meiosis, duplicating the 46 chromosomes, then dividing
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PART 2: The Adam and Eve method of genetic engineering
into two cells of 46 chromosomes, then dividing into four cells of 23
chromosomes each.
Next take a 23 chromosome cell with an X chromosome, unite it with one
of the two that have a Y Chromosome. You will have a 25 percent chance on
each try that purely by guessing you will be matching up two germ cells that
have the altered redundant chromosome groups. There are ways to test the
cells so you could unite the correct ones. (Fig. 5f)
Now createing the first female is easy, artificially make egg and sperm
cells from the first males 46 chromosome rib cells. Unite any egg with any
sperm. (Fig. 5g)
From the start of the first male and the first female they have no
hereditary disease causing genes.
What is the possibility that a human being made up the Adam and Eve
method of genetic engineering? Moses who wrote Genesis did not know about
DNA.
Our One God is like us, male and female and them. (# GEN 1:26-27) God
eats food. Individuals of JEHOVAH have physical bodies that can be seen.
Do not believe the idol worshippers that say God is invisable. Right before
God writes the ten commandments on tables of stone the second time God says
his hand obstructs light and his body parts can be seen. And God says he
always tells the truth. Therefore some individuals of JEHOVAH are female and
God might have ribs since they designed us with ribs.
See: Section 5: Chapter 3: God.
Adam made by:
|--1. dust/ground
| |--2. Adam's rib
| | |--3. Eve's rib
| | | |--4. God's rib
| | | | |--5. Eve's womb
| | | | | |--6. God's womb
| | | | | |
Eve made by: | | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. dust/ground ---- | x | | x | x | x | x |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2. Adam's rib ---- | x | | | x | | x |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3. Eve's rib ---- | | | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4. God's rib ---- | x | | x | x | x | x |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5. Eve's womb ---- | | | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6. God's womb ---- | x | | x | x | x | x |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
This chart shows what 3 nucleotide base sequence codes for each of the
20 amino acids. This chart codes for DNA. This 3 nucleotide base sequence is
called a codon triplet. There are 64 possible DNA codon triplet
combinations.
Codon Triplets, the genetic "word"
____________________________________________________________________________
| Second base |
First | | Third
base | A G T C | base
_______|____________________________________________________________|_______
| |
A | Phenylalanine Serine Tyrosine Cysteine | A
A | Phenylalanine Serine Tyrosine Cysteine | G
A | Leucine Serine nonsense nonsense | T
A | Leucine Serine nonsense Tryptophan | C
| |
G | Leucine Proline Histidine Arginine | A
G | Leucine Proline Histidine Arginine | G
G | Leucine Proline Glutamine Arginine | T
G | Leucine Proline Glutamine Arginine | C
| |
T | Isoleucine Threonine Asparagine Serine | A
T | Isoleucine Threonine Asparagine Serine | G
T | Isoleucine Threonine Lysine Arginine | T
T | Methionine Threonine Lysine Arginine | C
| |
C | Valine Alanine Aspartic acid Glycine | A
C | Valine Alanine Aspartic acid Glycine | G
C | Valine Alanine Glutamic acid Glycine | T
C | Valine Alanine Glutamic acid Glycine | C
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proteins are exclusively made of amino acids. There are 20 amino acids
used to make every protein that is in every life form on earth. The number
of amino acids varies from protein to protein. Beef insulin, considered a
small protein, contains 51 amino acids. I have heard of proteins having
1,600 amino acids.
If a protein is 100 amino acids long, it will take a length of DNA that
is 300 nucleotide base-pairs long to make it. A protein's amino acid
sequence will determine it's 3 dimensional shape. Also if the protein is a
hormone, it's amino acid sequence will determine it's "key code" for which
one of the "gene switches" it will match to and turn that gene on. The
hormones are like keys and the gene activator receptor sites are like locks
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PART 2: The Adam and Eve method of genetic engineering
that turn genes on and off.
A genetic engineer will first determine the shape of a new protein or
the "key code" sequence should it be a hormone, thus determining it's amino
acid sequence. Then knowing the amino acid sequence he or she will use a
chart like the one above to determine the nucleotide base-pair sequence for
the new gene.
If a new protein was 7 amino acids long and it's sequence was:
Serine-Lysine-Valine-Serine-Glycine-Valine-Valine
Then the nucleotide base sequence of the "sense" or useful rung (pg. a/7.)
of the gene's ladder could be:
AGA-----TTT----CAA----AGA-----CCA-----CAA-----CAA
Then the nucleotide base-pair sequence would be:
AGA-----TTT----CAA----AGA-----CCA-----CAA-----CAA
TCT-----AAA----GTT----TCT-----GGT-----GTT-----GTT
